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National Repository of Grey Literature 2 records found  Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Basic historical milestones for defining the constellations
 Pechman, Matouš ; Šolc, Martin (advisor) ; Wolf, Marek (referee)
- Basic historical milestones for defining constellations People have always been fascinated by the starry sky. At first stars were only small distant lights, though people had no idea how far these lights actually were. It was a long way to the form of constellations as know them now. It started from only the brightest stars, which were supposed to be placed on spherical surface and their placement was associated with different types of characters of ancient nations, animals and things from their daily life or old legends and led to a distribution of the heavenly sphere to 88 areas with exactly defined borders. All of that took thousands of years of work and observations of generations of astronomers, improvement of instruments to measurement and writing down the positions of the celestial bodies. Research of constellations has never been a mere description of reality, but it has always been reflected in the thoughts and views of the world of a given culture or civilization.
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Goniometry in Ptolemy's Almagest
 Kušnír, Martin ; Halas, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Bečvář, Jindřich (referee)
The main focus of this bachelor thesis are the beginnings of goniometry in ancient Greece, mainly in the book Almagest from Claudius Ptolemy. We describe a predecessor of modern goniometric function - the length of a chord in a circle and it's similarity to the modern goniometric function sine. In the first part we focus on computing the table of chords. In the thesis the process of computing the table of chords is unchanged from the original in Almagest, it is only translated into a modern mathematical language. We present description of the Heron's algorithm for computing square roots and discuss the accuracy of the table of chords. In the second part we show the usage of the table of chords in astronomical calculations. Our work is based on how Ptolemy viewed the solar system and the movements of heavenly bodies. Keywords: goniometry, Ptolemy, Almagest, chord, sine
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